Cognitive Impairment

Give a comparison of two cognitive impairments that includes a description of the similarities and differences in their causes and consequences.
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Cognitive Impairment

(1) Give a comparison of two cognitive impairments.

(a) Dementia

Researchers suggest that potential psychosocial problems develop as people age. For example, aging leads to a decline in physical, emotional and cognitive functioning (Gavitt & Stern, 2012). Cognitive factors include verbal comprehension, memory, ability, perception and reasoning, language processing and problem-solving skills that are stated to decline as individuals grow older. In addition, age-related cognitive decline is common with changes in cognition such as: (a) decline in brain activity, and (b) individual variability in aging trajectories. For instance, a cognitive impairment that occurs with aging is dementia. Dementia has been defined or the presence of acquired deficits in memory and at least one additional cognitive domain which represents a deficit from previous levels of ability, and cause disturbances in social and occupational functioning (p. 791).

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-IV-TR [APA] 2000, provides features for dementia as “characterized by the development of multiple cognitive deficits including memory impairment that are due to the direct physiological effects of a general medical condition, to the …