Problem Solving & Reasoning, Judgement, and Decision Making

1. Explain the different approaches to the study of problem solving.
2. Analyze the function of reasoning, judgment, and decision making in the problem-solving process.

At least two scholarly references.
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The Approaches to the Study of Problem Solving

Robinson-Riegler and Robinson-Riegler define problem solving as “the processes involved in moving from an initial state to a goal state, in the face of constraints that must be observed and obstacles that must be overcome” (2008, p. 440). Individuals have various ways of trying to solve problems. Three key approaches to problem solving are through behaviorism, Gestalt psychology, and cognitively (Robinson-Riegler & Robinson-Riegler, 2008). Wegner and Golden state that “problem solving carries different meanings in the domains of history and philosophy” (2006, p. 27).

Humans can view a situation, process the information involved with the given situation, and come up with tactics to solve any related or unexpected issues as they arise. Cognitive psychology is the study of the mind and how people perceive and process information to include memory, thinking, speaking, and solving problems (Robinson-Riegler & Robinson-Riegler, 2008). The direct link between cognitive psychology and problem-solving is how the mind uses the information gathered and develops a positive resolution. Because the world is an ever-changing environment, individuals need to be on top of their game, adjust to and welcome change, and develop ways to handle appropriately any problems or conflict life throws their way. According to research, high rates of technological change require individuals to have the abilities to adjust cognitive activities based on flexible knowledge, approach new tasks and ideas in a non-routine manner, and to acquire rapidly and use new knowledge and skills in practice (Kalyuga, Renkl, & Paas, 2010). …